Ken Ham posts dishonestly edited and out of context quotation

I know, “Dog Bites Man”, but I still feel whenever creationist are caught dishonestly misrepresenting the words of others it should be pointed out and documented.

In this case Ken Ham, founder CEO of the young Earth creationist (YEC) organization Answers in Genesis posted to his X account the following:

Is this high school biology textbook definition of science a scientific one?

“Restrict science to a search for natural causes for natural phenomena. Supernatural explanations of natural events are simply outside the bounds of science.”

In other words, “science” (which really means “knowledge”) cannot allow the supernatural. Thus, by this definition, God and his Word are eliminated.

But that’s not a scientific statement—it’s a religious one. Yes, religion is in every single classroom. There’s no avoiding it, and parents must be aware of this and work hard to combat it with truth.

He gives no citation other than a vague reference to a “high school biology textbook”. I was immediately suspicious about the context of this quote, wondering if the original would explain why science was limited to natural explanations for natural phenomena, something that Ham and other creationists avoid like the plague (more on this below).

So I started searching the web for the quote as Ham presented it and initially couldn’t find anything, deepening my suspicions. So I broke the quote down into individual sentences and low and behold a link popped up to the quote coming from an online biology textbook Meridian Technical Charter High School in Meridian, Idaho. And shocker of all shocks my suspicion about the context turned out to be warranted.

So I hopped on to X and replied to Mr. Ham with the following (red text not in original reply):

Oh, look Ken using dishonestly edited and out of context quotations… I am shocked, shocked I tell you.

Here is the full quote, Ken’s quoted parts bracketed ***thusly*** (red text not in original response):

>>The Limitations of Science
Science is powerful, but limited in the kinds of questions it can help answer. Science requires repeatable observations and testable hypotheses. These standards ***restrict science to a search for natural causes for natural phenomena.*** For example, science can neither prove nor disprove that unobservable or supernatural forces cause storms, rainbows, illnesses, or cures of disease. ***Supernatural explanations of natural events are simply outside the bounds of science.*** There is no way to show that such hypotheses are false.<<

Just leave out the parts that tell us why supernatural claims like “God did it” are not scientific, *because they are not testable*. And Ken has the audacity to talk about “truth”.

Source of the quote: bodell.mtchs.org/OnlineBio/BIOC    

So he provides no citation, no context, and not even any ellipses (…) indicating that the sentences were not contiguous in the original source. As I indicated in my response to him, he has a lot of gall to speak of “truth” when pulling these sorts of shenanigans.  

Here is some more relevant context from the textbook, specifically regarding theories like evolution(Ham’s cherry picked quote again in bold red):

The Limitations of Science
Science is powerful, but limited in the kinds of questions it can help answer. Science requires repeatable observations and testable hypotheses. These standards restrict science to a search for natural causes for natural phenomena. For example, science can neither prove nor disprove that unobservable or supernatural forces cause storms, rainbows, illnesses, or cures of disease. Supernatural explanations of natural events are simply outside the bounds of science. There is no way to show that such hypotheses are false.

Although science is “a way of knowing,” keep in mind that it is not the only way. Not everything you “know” is based on science. For example, you know what kind of music you like and what your favorite color is. These personal tastes are not the results of a careful testing of hypotheses. And you know right from wrong. This concept is an ethical value, not a scientific fact. Each human mind develops a unique database of knowledge of many different kinds. Science-based knowledge is the type built from confirmed observations and testable hypotheses.

Theories in Science
Many people think of science mainly as a collection of facts. But collecting facts is not what really defines science. A telephone book is an impressive catalog of factual information, yet it has little to do with science. It is true that factual data provide the raw material for science. But scientists are mostly interested in finding patterns in the data and explaining these patterns. What really advances science is some new theory that ties together a variety of facts that previously seemed unrelated. People like Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, and Albert Einstein stand out in the history of science because their theories connected so many observations and experimental results.

How is a theory different from a hypothesis? In science, a theory is a well-tested explanation that makes sense of a great variety of scientific observations. It gives rise to many hypotheses that can be tested. This definition contrasts with the everyday use of theory to mean a speculation, as in “It’s only a theory.” Compared to a hypothesis, a theory is much broader in scope. This is a hypothesis: “Mimicking poisonous snakes is an adaptation that protects nonpoisonous snakes from predators.” But this is a theory: “Adaptations such as mimicry evolve by natural selection.” The theory of natural selection explains the evolution of the many cases of mimicry, as well as a variety of other adaptations of organisms to their environments.

Theories, such as the theory of natural selection, only become widely accepted in science when they are supported by an extensive body of evidence. That evidence also provides a framework for further research and predictions. If new evidence that contradicts a theory is uncovered, scientists first verify the evidence many times. They then modify or discard the theory accordingly.

Of course Ken left out all of this which explains why scientific explanations exclude supernatural explanations (their lack of testability) and how scientific theories, like evolution are “well-tested”. This isn’t dogmatic atheistic limitation on science, as Ken would have his readers believe, rather testability is a practical limitation of science because it is the only way to demark fanciful speculations and religious myths from potentially valid explanations.

But Ken and other creationists can’t have this because their particular theology demands a particular interpretation of their scripture that is incomputable with not only evolutionary biology but with the findings of much of the rest of science (which they falsely label as “evolutionist science” or similar). For YEC, whose beliefs require the Earth and universe to be young (6000 to 10,000 years old), whenever they posit a testable hypothesis, such as the fossil record being explainable as the actions of a single event, in this case the Noachian Flood described in the book of Genesis, these hypotheses have been falsified. In the case of Flood geology in innumerable ways, something known to late 18th and early 19th century creationist geologists long before evolutionary theory was accepted.

This, by the way, is what led to the development of so called “Intelligent Design theory” (ID). ID creationists wanted to rid themselves of having to defend already falsified hypotheses, and of making direct references to Genesis, so as to avoid both scientific and First Amendment objections to their ideas being taught in public school science classrooms.  

Once Flood geology and a few other potentially testable creationist hypotheses have been ruled out by science (or deliberately left out by ID proponents) all they have is “God did it” (or the “Intelligent Designer did it”) which is not testable against the empirical evidence. An omnipotent creator could create anything, in any way, making any possible observation of the facts potentially compatible with God having done it.

So, anyway, more evidence (as if it were needed) that Ken Ham is not an honest interlocutor.  

How could evolutionary theory be falsified?

cambrianrabbit

A rabbit fossil in Cambrian rock would be difficult to understand under current evolutionary theory.

Creationists often charge that evolutionary theory is unfalsifiable; that there is no way to potentially disprove it, if it were in fact incorrect. This is in essence an “I know you are but what am I” response to their critics who have rightfully pointed out that “God did it” as an explanation is not testable against the evidence from the natural world and therefore not a valid scientific explanation for anything.

This is because hypotheses, in order to qualify as scientific, must be testable against observable evidence in the natural world. In other words, in addition to there being potential observations that might support a given hypothesis, there should likewise be some potential observations that would tend to disprove a hypothesis.

Since God can do anything in any way, for any reason, here are no potential observations of the natural world that could disprove God’s involvement, which means the “God did it” hypothesis is unscientific in character.

In any event, is it true, as creationists charge, that there are no potential observations that would tend to disprove evolutionary theory?

The short answer is no, it is not true. However, for something more in depth you should head over to Why Evolution Is True where biologist Jerry Coyne provides several scenarios that would be highly problematic for current evolutionary theory.

In my general talk on the evidence for evolution, I give a list of seven observations that, if repeated and confirmed, would disprove parts of the theory of evolution described above. This shows that it is a scientific theory in the Popperian sense of being falsifiable.  Here are some of those conceivable observations:

  • Fossils in the wrong place (e.g., mammals in the Devonian). If the fossil record were all out of order like this (a single anomalous fossil might not overturn everything, of course, since it could be in the wrong place for other reasons), we’d have to seriously question the occurrence of evolution.

I recommend you hop over and check out the rest.

The last thing I want to say about this particular creationist claim, is that in addition to it being false, it is also stands in rather blatant contradiction to what creationists do on a regular basis, which is to argue that this or that bit of evidence somehow counts against evolutionary theory.

I mean what sense can we make of Duane Gish’s book Evolution, the Fossils Say No! (1978) if he was not arguing that the fossil evidence was disconfirming of the evolution hypothesis?

The mind boggles.

[And now John Wilkins, or some other philosopher of science, will yell at me about Popperian Falsificationism being passé with regards to the demarcation problem. Just to head that off somewhat I am not advocating naive falsificationism.]

In which I yell at everyone on the interwebs

A Facebook friend posted a link to a YouTube video titled “Top Ten Creationist Arguments” by The Thinking Atheist. I had seen it before, it’s slickly produced and OK as far as it goes (though I would have a different list of 10 creationists arguments) but that’s not what got me going. In the video TTA gives a quote from the late Stephen Jay Gould:

This caught my eye because I have been researching stuff to do with philosophy of science, i.e. the testability of evolutionary theory and the difference between the so called experimental sciences and historical sciences. In particular I thought I had remembered reading a essay by Gould on the subject and I thought this quote might give me a lead on it. The problem is TTA doesn’t give a source for the quote. “No problem”, I thought, “I’ll just Google it and it should be a snap to find the source.” Bzzzt! Wrong. Oh if you Google the quote you’ll get a gillion links but none* of them give the source of the quote!

After a half and hour or so of Google mining I finally found a site that gave the source as Gould’s Dinosaur in a Haystack (1995), but it provided no page number! So I pulled my copy off the shelf, blew the dust off the top  (damn dust) and checked the index for references to creationism.

There were a couple and while Gould did say something like this in one part of the book referenced, it wasn’t an exact quote. Finally I went to Amazon.com and found that they allowed one to search the contents of the book, and at last I got the information I was looking for.

The quote appears on page 397 (of the 1st hardback edition) and is not one of the places listed in the index for the term creationism. Here it is with some context:

One tangential point before I leave this elegant study [a genetic study of certain crabs, see below – T.B.]. Creationists critics often charge that evolution cannot be tested, and therefore cannot be viewed as a properly scientific subject at all (see the next essay for a fuller discussion of this important issue). This claim is rhetorical nonsense. How could one ask for a better test, based on a very risky prediction, than this? The counterintuitive link between king and hermit crabs was postulated on the basis of classical evidence from morphology (the arguments detailed previously in this essay as points 1-3). This prediction was then tested by the completely independent data set of DNA sequence comparisons — and confirmed in spades, with even closer propinquity than suspected between king crab and hermit crab lines.

I regard this story of king and hermit crabs as one of the most elegant I have learned of late in evolutionary biology–a lovely combination of a fascinating and counterintuitive tale; a multifaceted, rigorous and convincing pile of supporting data; and a lesson of intriguing generality  (the difference between genealogical propinquity and any functional meaning of similarity–and the overriding importance of propinquity). (Gould 1995, p. 397, emphasis mine)

Great, curiosity satisfied!

So please, please, please, people, don’t just throw quote around willy-nilly. Give proper references. [I’ll make an exception for T-shirts, but that’s it!]

OK, I got that out of my system, end pedantic rant.

[* I didn’t look at every single Google result so this is a rhetorical “none”.]

Reference

Gould, Stephen Jay (1995) Dinosaur in a Haystack, Harmony Books, NY, 1st hardback edition

Responding to questions about “Darwinism” and intelligent design creationism

I’m moving this up from the comments on an earlier post as I think it will take more that a comment to respond to.

A commenter, Josh Caleb, says that he has “a few honest questions“. I am going to answer him as if that were true even though I am now somewhat suspect that it isn’t due to his having cited trueorigins.org, an antievolution knockoff of talkorigins.org, and because of several of his comments left in response to others.

Read on»